The Development Of Creativity Literature Review And...

The Development of Creativity: Literature Review and Critique Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For PSYC4176: Advanced Child Psychology By Brittany Basco April, 17, 2017 Abstract The development of creativity has a history tied into many cultures, origins and studies. There are many traits that are related to creativity such as personality, intelligence, genetic factors, environmental factors and the â€Å"big five† in personality. The Development of Creativity: Literature Review and Critique Creativity is a construct that is defined in two parts according to traditional psychology: originality and functionality (Kersting, 2003). It is the ability to formulate novel ideas that are worthwhile long term. (Zhu,†¦show more content†¦(Simonton, 2001)† The Unusual Use test is more known and measures divergent thinking by asking a participant to make up as many uses as they can for a random object. Their responses are scored on fluency, originality, and flexibility. (Simonton, 2001) Some assessments, such as the How Do You Think questionnaire, target the individual differences in the creative personality. This questionnaire â€Å"gauges whether a person has the interests, values, energy, self-confidence, humor, flexibility, playfulness, unconventionality, and openness associated with creativity (Davis, 1976)† History Creativity is has been a topic that highly of interests to many professionals for a while although it is often a field that is over neglected in research. This could be due to the complexity of its definition and due to its definition not being operationalized sufficiently. Guilford (1950) impacted the amount of research being done at the American Psychological Association convention when he called for there to be more research to be done in creativity. Its’ definition has a history of many contributions from a multitude of studies and is always changing as more research is being done. With in the 20th century, the topic of creativity has received much more attention. This could be due to the fact that psychology was not a formal discipline until the 1870’s. Simonton’s work hintedShow MoreRelatedThe Emergence Of The New Literary Movement1072 Words   |  5 Pagesfeats of literary creativity and diversity. Authors are evoking occurrences from the turn of the millennium—events and conflicts that are specific to the twenty-first century. The new forms, tropes and theoretical strategies in current literature have got literary critics asking: is there such thing as twenty-first-century fiction—a new type of novel that separates itself from the modernist and postmodernist novel in terms of themes, styles, and characteristics? This paper reviews ten scholarly sourcesRead MoreThe Analysis of the Intelligence of Individuals and Groups Essay1086 Words   |  5 Pagescapabilities, but they do not directly examine other abilities that seem to be inherent parts of intelligence: creativity, social understanding, knowledge of one’s own strengths and weaknesses and so on. This perspective led Howard Gardner to formulate his theory of Multiple Intelligence. This essay will begin with a background of Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory and critique it. Howard Gardner proposed that people have several kinds of intelligences that are independentRead More Micro-finance and its Impact on Poverty948 Words   |  4 PagesDespite the growing body of literatures about the microfinance and its impact on poverty, there are counter growing criticisms against microfinance in issues such as reaching the poor, unchanged poverty level, high interest rate, brutality in repayment processes, financial sustainability, and women empowerment. (Hossain, 2010). In terms of poverty reduction and reaching the poor people, the studies edited by (Hulme Mosley, 1996) on the impact of microfinance on poverty found that poor people doRead MoreTranscendentalism, An American Philosophy1640 Words   |  7 PagesPhilosophy†). After trying out several different occupations, he found himself working as a live-in handyman. The man who hired him doubled as his mentor. Ralph Waldo Emerson, a famous American philosopher played this very important role in the development of the young man’s life as well as the growth of his mind and belief system. Emerson believed in an extreme form of Transcendentalism in which things of the mind, like imagination, were the basis of reality and the rest of nature was mere perceptionRead MoreA Literature Review Of Schumpeter And Kirzner2338 Words   |  10 Pages A Literature Review of Schumpeter and Kirzner: Entrepreneurship Ben Sparrow Edinburgh Napier University 2014 Contents: 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Terms of Reference †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 1.2 Defining Entrepreneurship †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 2.0 Entrepreneurial Theories 2.1 Schumpeter †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 2.1.1 Example †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 2.1.2 Critique of Schumpeter †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 2.2 Kirzner †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4Read MoreIs Creativity A Higher Form Of Knowledge?2747 Words   |  11 Pagesdefine the term creativity. Within many contemporary Educational fields of research the need to provide a clear definition of the term has provided researchers with the challenge of conceptualising creativity so that a student’s display of creativity could be assessed. Sternberg (1986) suggests that ‘being creative highlights a subject’s ability to push traditional modes of displaying knowledge’ (pp. 16, 24). Similarly, Franken (2005) reconfigured this definition, stating that ‘creativity is a higherRead More1984: Oppression Of Truth Essay1577 Words   |  7 PagesIn the novel 1984, Orwell produced a social critique on totalitarianism and a future dystopia that made the world pause and think about our past, present and future. When reading this novel we all must take the time to think of the possibility that Orwells world could come to pass. Orwell presents the concepts of power, marginalization, and resistance through physical, psychological, sexual and political control of the people of Oceania. The reader experiences the emotional ride through the eyesRead MoreAndroid2251 Words   |  10 PagesCHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE The review of the related literature focuses on Android Application Development which is making its place as a competitor in the mobile application technology. The review will explore how Android develops and deepens its open source applications and related functions. It also aims to gain background knowledge for the study. Similarities and differences of the literature are also provided for critique of the research. Foreign Literature Android ApplicationRead MoreEssay on Impact of the Industrial Revolution on History2331 Words   |  10 Pagessociety and ways of life. People were changed along with culture (Miller, 489-97). However, throughout these ever flexing times, one thing remained nearly consistent-literature. Of course, even the arts were revolutionized. During the Industrial revolution literature, as it usually does, reflected the dramatic, social, and economic developments taking place throughout the world. Artists revealed in their work a sense of the rapidly changing times and the influence of revolutionary scientific ideas (MillerRead MorePsychology : Recent Trends And Emerging Directions Essay2029 Words   |  9 Pagesdescription of the current status of personality psychology and the prospects of the concept. The study is fascinating because it covers areas that have experienced years of neglect. The author broadly talks about sex, cuisine, play, altruism, rituals, creativity and grieving. Frank Dumont covers the classic and contemporary concepts of personality psychology. The author adds depth to the study with developmental issues such as genetics, evolution, trait, gender, and culture. The book documents the transformation

Creative Writing Serenity Essay - 566 Words

I kept running, until my feet were aching with agonising pain. Slowly I walked up a tall hill, dragging my feet with me, and collapsed onto the ground using my bag as a pillow. Then I looked up at the clouds, while thinking about all the anger my best friends caused me. How could Carter act like my hero, when he did something so cruel? How could Damion like it when Im unhappy? All they do is think of themselves. Im sick of it! I hate them! My train of thought made my anger rise, that was until my cell phone rang. Augh! Damion or Carter is probably calling to apologize to me. Welll, Im not answering! They can feel guilty for all I care. They hurt me and for that theyll pay! I didnt answer my phone, but that just made it ring†¦show more content†¦Mom always blew her money on the five dollar machines at the casino, hoping to win big. But the more she tried, the more in debt wed go. Shes never at home hanging out with me anymore, and when she is at home we dont hang out. Tears began to swell up in my eyes when the feeling of abondonment pierced my heart. I missed my mom. Not the one I have right now, but the one who brushed my hair away from my eyes with her long, slender fingers, and said, â€Å"Remember if you ever need anything you can come to me. Im always going to be here for you, just remember that Ill always love you no matter what.† The mom that told me that everything was going to be alright when a boy broke my heart, or when dad left us again. Memories went through my head, and then disappeared in a blink of a eye. That mom was never coming back. No matter how hard I tried, she never did! I regained my strength by thinking about my perfect grades, and my award for outstanding work. Then I headed home, ready to hear a lecture about playing ball in the house by my uncaring but loving mother. Slowly, I walked to my house savoring every step I took. When reaching our abondent lawn, my eyes froze at the sight of my house. The window had been replaced, and the crimson paint was all in mud puttles on the ground. Patroling into the house, my eyes stopped in my mothers direction. Running up to me, she pulls me into aShow MoreRelatedMy Writing Is Only My Passion1791 Words   |  8 PagesWriting Is Only My Passion There are many people in the world that have spoken about what they love to do. Some people have a yearning to do almost anything. From music and art to science and math, there has been some person to say â€Å"That’s just what I love to do.† I can say that there are many things that I consider my passion. One in particular is writing. I love to write in almost any form including poetry, short stories, and music lyrics. I have also started on about three books in the past fiveRead MoreArt Review Essay532 Words   |  3 Pagesdesign to create maximum impact. The paintings grab your attention due to their abstractness. However they fail to portray the artist’s meaning. Her collection, called â€Å"La danse cosmique† (The cosmic dance), is her search to â€Å"attain a state of supreme serenity, a state where everything is calm, pure, wholesome† according to Alpha. I found myself attempting to interpret what the paintings were trying to represent but always came at a loss. The fact that most of them were almost identical to each otherRead MoreThe Want Of Peace By Wendell Berry932 Words   |  4 PagesBerry is very many things. He is a poet, novelist, philosopher and a farmer. He was raised in Kentucky and wanted to be a tobacco farmer like his father. He went to the University of Kentucky and received his masters in English and later studied creative writing at Stanford University. Berry has fourteen books of poems, one of them being Openings. This paper will discuss the details in one of these poems. In Wendell Berry’s, Openings, he has a thought-provoking poem entitled, â€Å"The Want of Peace†, theRead MoreLiterary Elements in the Poem She Walks in Beauty by Lord Byron608 Words   |  3 Pagesphysical beauty as well as her spiritual and intellectual beauty. I chose this poem, because I like to read love poems, especially poem s that express my feelings. Also, because This poem is creative and fresh, and I really enjoyed reading it. When I initially read this poem, it was clear that Lord Byron was writing about a woman whom he thought very highly of. Lord Byron’s first verse had me convinced that the woman in his poem was one whom he’d merely caught a glimpse of. The quote â€Å"†¦all that’s bestRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Dover Beach By Mathew Arnold865 Words   |  4 Pagescentury. Throughout this poem, Arnold is misguiding the reader into believing the speaker is calm and composed. However, if one deciphers this writing thoroughly, they will notice the speaker is concerned about the changing world around him, while also trying to determine the purpose of our existence. The mood changes throughout his work; beginning with serenity and ending in apprehensiveness. Arnold develops a changing mood in this poem by utilizing descriptive adjectives and using a variety of imager yRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effects On The World Of Business Writing909 Words   |  4 PagesChapters 5 and 6 are great chapters as they really get into the heart of proper communication techniques in the world of business writing. I do think that it is missing a little bit of how to write professionally using social media, which in today’s world is how majority of us communicate. For your scenario answer the following questions: 1. If you were in charge of the company’s social media, how you address the issue presented? If I was in charge of the company’s social media, I would addressRead MoreA Comparison of Nature in Romantic Poetry1097 Words   |  5 PagesWestminster Bridge. A main source of interest for Wordsworth is the absence of an unnatural presence, such as a city. In his sonnet, Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802, Wordsworth views London at the break of dawn, admiring the serenity and artistic impact of the scenery. A sight so touching in its majesty. He finds it an almost spiritual experience by simply observing the stillness of morning. Dear God! the very houses seem asleep Just as Wordsworth finds fulfillment inRead MoreDaydreams Essay: Exam Question1127 Words   |  5 Pagesdaydreams which lead to him writing many of his books like ‘sweet tooth’ and ‘atonement’. Where is the fine line between daydreaming and simply thinking of possibilities? I myself am a keen daydreamer, sometimes I just lie on my bed and I quietly slip into a dreamtime of my own imaginings. I don’t directly imagine some event or situation I drift between scattered thoughts in search of that perfect possibility. That perfect possibility which fills me with an unconscious serenity and extracts me fromRead MoreDaydreams Essay: Exam Question1142 Words   |  5 Pagesdaydreams which lead to him writing many of his books like ‘sweet tooth’ and ‘atonement’. Where is the fine line between daydreaming and simply thinking of possibilities? I myself am a keen daydreamer, sometimes I just lie on my bed and I quietly slip into a dreamtime of my own imaginings. I don’t directly imagine some event or situation I drift between scattered thoughts in search of that perfect possibility. That perfect possibility which fills me with an unconscious serenity and extracts me fromRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper, By Charlotte Perkins Gilman2534 Words   |  11 Pages‘Substance D’ itself. Kurt Vonnegut’s most popular work, the 1969 novel Slaughterhouse-Five, provides an interesting contrast in that it utilises both a conventional first person perspective whilst also involving elements of direct autobiographical writing as well as utilising small but significant cameos from the author himself. The novel opens with the sentence ‘All this happened, more or less’. Despite Vonnegut’s active assertions that his novel does, in fact, represent an accurate account of the

Air France Internet Marketing Free Essays

Air France‘s Case You have just been hired by Rob Griffin to help him better understand the effectiveness of Air France’s online sponsored search efforts. He has requested answers to the following questions: 1. Please calculate the effectiveness of each of Air France’s marketing campaigns across the 7 different publishers categories (3 points). We will write a custom essay sample on Air France Internet Marketing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Publishers| Avg. Cost per clicks| Tot. Clicks| Media Costs| Tot. Bookings| Tot. Revenue| Net Revenue| Net Rev per Cost | Avg. of Sales per Click %| Avg. of Trans. Conv. %| Yahoo-US| 2| 45,598 | $46,198| 662 | $882,289| $836,091| 18| 1. 5%| 183%| MSN-Global| 2. 15| 11,217 | $12,160| 129 | $145,524| $133,364| 11| 1. 15%| 113%| MSN-US| 2. 87| 10,808 | $16,098| 140 | $181,550| $165,451| 10| 1. 30%| 73%| Google-Global| 2. 22| 72,895 | $120,947| 797 | $929,550| $808,603| 7| 1. 09%| 43%| Google-US| 2. 38| 192,109 | $353,641| 1,550 | $1,745,482| $1,391,841| 4| 0. 81%| 41%| Overture-Global| 0. 8| 60,899 | $64,296| 372 | $430,085| $365,789| 6| 0. 61%| 24%| Overture-US| 0. 76| 119,323 | $141,976| 289 | $347,433| $205,457| 1| 0. 24%| 9%| Grand Total| 1. 9| 512,849 | $755,316| 3,939 | $4,661,913| $3,906,597| 5| 0. 77%| 57%| Based on the data above, we can see that: a. Yahoo-US leads for the most effective marketing campaign among 7 publishers based on the total net revenue per cost, Yahoo-US got the biggest value, 18, it means that every $1 that Air France spent they will receive $18 from their investment. The average of transaction conversion and average of sales per click of Yahoo-US also leads amongst the other publishers. b. Google-US got the biggest of total net revenue from the marketing campaign, almost US$1. million, and also had the biggest total booking number. But our opinion is, Google US did not do the marketing very effective, the money for the media costs that they spent are the biggest amongst the other publishers, and the total net revenue per cost ratio is only 4. c. Overture-US is the most ineffective in doing Air France marketing campaign, even though the average costs per click of Overture-US is the lowest, but the total clicks is the highest, it ranked the second highest amongst the other publishers, so it makes media cost of Overture-US igh and the total booking from the clicks is not in a good value, so we think that Overture-US have to improve their its campaign of Air France. 2. Should Media Contacts recommend the same exact strategy for Air France across all search engine publishers? Or would it be more effective to tailor each publisher strategy to maximize ROI (Please provide support for your answer) (3 points) . From our analysis with the data provided by DoubleClick. Inc. , publishers have their own strong point to focu s on in order to maximize their net revenue and tailor strategy for each publisher will be the best option. Below, we will explain publisher’s performance in term of the following points: * Campaign All of the publishers earn lot of revenues from their â€Å"Air France Branded† campaign with modest click charges on average of $1. 82 and maximum clicks of 106,153 from Google-US, while â€Å"Business Class† campaign is not really productive to gain revenue as publishers lose money on this campaign. Click charges for â€Å"Business Class† campaign is ranged between $3. 76 (Yahoo-US) and $5. 39 (MSN-US) per click. Geo Targeted local search campaign has potential in using Google-US service. For example, In New York City, Google-US can get total of 3,167 clicks with 1. 39% transaction conversion rate. Compare with â€Å"Paris amp; France Term† campaign, it only gets 0. 35% transaction conversion rate with 29,039 clicks. In Contrast, Yahoo revenue for its Geo Target campaign is very low and loses money in 10 out of 13 cities in US. * Keyword Keywords that consist of â€Å"Air France† word are convincingly gaining more revenues than other keywords across all publishers. Google-US earns from the â€Å"Air France brand†, but losing money on bidding European cities keyword like â€Å"Lyon†, â€Å"Bordeaux†, andâ€Å"Rome†. The use of phrase keywords also contributes to number of bookings like the phrase â€Å"DC to France Sale† which have the highest conversion rate compare to others. Different with Google, Yahoo has moderately earned more income from the words of city such as Florence, Paris and Rome. This may be resulted from the difference search methods that Yahoo mainly focuses on web contents keywords. Overture more likely to gain revenue in words that relate with cities in eastern part of Europe like Athens, Tunis, Amman. Overture loses money on broad unspecific words. Thus, Overture should focus on the exact keywords which have connection with flight and travel to eastern part of Europe. MSN-US and MSN-Global costs mainly derived from phrase keywords except â€Å"Air France Brand† keywords. For example, phrase keyword of â€Å"travel to France† generates moderate number of 346 clicks, but none of the clicks succeed in sales conversion. Another example is â€Å"flights to Paris†, other publishers succeed in booking of positive net revenue with the keywords, while MSN-US and MSN-Global lose money. * Broad and focus keyword Broad keyword usually gains many clicks from the campaigns. By analyzing publishers’ performance data, we concluded that Yahoo-US, Overture-Global, MSN-US and MSN-Global are publishers that have strength in broad campaign keywords. Number of clicks for broad keywords represents minimum 90% of total clicks and generates higher transaction conversion rate than focus keywords. Google-US and Google-Global also have a huge clicks gained from broad keyword campaigns on the average of 74% and gain more revenues than focus keywords, but the transaction conversion rate is lower than that of their campaign have. Although broad keywords gain many clicks for its ads, it doesn’t guarantee the increase of sales. 3. Based on your analyses, who do you feel are the most appropriate target customers upon whom Air France should focus their acquisition efforts (again, please provide clear justification for your answer) (2 points) Due to several reason related to market modification and AirFrance partnership, we can support that Business customer segment would be the most important target market. Indeed, because of the development of new low fare companies, the value proposition among the competition changed and gave another offer to the consumers. Ryanair by providing cheap price ticket attracted an important part of the price sensitive customers who use to travel with previous oligopolistic offer with higher price. The business customers are less sensitive to the price, because of less changing (except in case of travelling budget restriction), contracts and promotion with big companies. Ryanair, Irish company, was focused on intern European flight, taking care of 26 different destinations. According to Exhibit1, AirFrance first market was Europe thenit was followed by the North American Market. The mix of price sensitive loss market and intern European market loss pushed AirFrance to work more on its flight between Europe and other continent (Transcontinental flights). International and Transcontinental travelers are highly interesting target market. Therefore it is also important to specify this segment. Indeed, it should be the higher class, service and security sensitive customers. AirFrance provides a premium service compared to the competition. Based on our analysis, there is no or few people outside of USA (Google Global: Europe, Asia, Africa) making AirFrance generating net income for European keywords (Greece, Florence, Paris). The American providers, Yahoo-US and Google-US, are the biggest revenue generator compared to Global (Yahoo-Global and Google-Global), by the same time Appendix 1 shows that American customers are not price sensitive and will generate less profits for â€Å"cheapâ€Å" keywords. The partnership with L’Avion for business travelers between Paris and Newark (NewYork) was a logical result of the AirFrance marketing situation. Through customer base, AirFrance kept a stable business customer amount and lost a significant part of its price sensitive customers who finally shifted to other low-fareairlines. Appendix 1 Publisher Name| Avg. Cost per clicks2| Tot. Clicks| Media Costs| Tot. Bookings| Tot. Revenue| Tot. Net Revenue| Tot. Net Rev per Cost | Google – US| $2. 45 | 10479| $24,104. 59 | 33| $25,287| $1,182. 06| 0 | Google – Global| $2. 43 | 3465| $7,052. 0 | 20| $19,180| $12,127. 35| 2 | Overture – Global| $0. 72 | 1892| $1,538. 15 | 10| $15,207| $13,669. 20| 9 | Yahoo – US| $2. 33 | 1474| $3,786. 91 | 7| $7,057| $3,269. 79| 1 | Overture – US| $0. 78 | 6883| $6,774. 70 | 9| $10,230| $3,455. 05| 1 | MSN – Global| $3. 46 | 50| $174. 87 | 0| $0| -$174. 87| (1)| MSN – US| $4. 25 | 77| $252. 69 | 0| $0| -$252. 69| (1)| Grand Total| $2. 09 | 24320| $43,684. 81 | 79| $76,961| $33,275. 89| 1 | 4. Based on your answer to Question 3, what B2B acquisition partners would your team recommend that Air France consider? 2 points) Based on our group analysis there are 3 types of B2B acquisition partners that Air France should consider doing partnership with which are Yahoo-US, L’Avion. First partner, Yahoo-US, based on our group analysis from question 1 out result shows that Yahoo-US has the highest return on investment (ROI), the lowest cost per click and the lowest cost per booking. This is a good choice for Air France to engage in partnership in order to get the best ROI while at the same time minimize their costs in ads. Not only that Air France can get a lot of ROI back but they also have a high possibility in getting more sales from the click of users. Therefore our group recommended Yahoo-US for Air France to consider. Second partner, L’Avion, as of our target customer from question number three our group focus on business travelers. L’Avion only provides business-class service between Paris International Airport and Newark International Airport. This can be link to with Ryanair partnership because as our group mentions before that Ryanair has not yet a flight to USA where Air France is offering this route. By partnering with each other, both Air France and Ryanair can enjoy their profit from these group of business travelers which Ryanair already have a lot of loyalty customer with them. For example, if the customer from Ryanair wants to fly to United State they can use Air France service where profits can be shared between these two Airlines. Therefore, as our group has mention above, we believed that by partnership with these B2B business would eventually increase benefit and contributes to gain good market growth with good profit toward Air France and its partnership companies. How to cite Air France Internet Marketing, Papers

Efficiency and Ensuring Justice in Court System

Question: Discuss about the Efficiency and Ensuring Justice in Court System. Answer: Introduction: Lebanon is a Middle Eastern country considered by most European free and advanced compared to other states in the same region. It is not ruled by a dictatorship and its capital, Beirut, has been a tourist destination for many Westerners and home to various commissions of the United Nations and other international organizations (Willis, 2005). However, Lebanon's level of well-being is only apparent (Iskandar, 2006). If you analyze the political system in this country, it is easy to point out different factors that had a negative effect on the development of the population as well as the economic growth (Davidson, 2012). Understanding the current situation prevailing in Lebanon, it is necessary to understand the countrys history. In fact, when World War 1 came to an end, the League of Nations mandated France to take control of Lebanon; this was a major drive to the development of Lebanon. As Jet spin plans to set up a training facility in this country it is necessary to check various aspects of the countrys dynamics that may have an effect on the business (De Palo Trevor, 2007). In 1943, the independence of Lebanon was formalized by a National pact. The presidency was reserved for the elite Manorites, Prime Minister Post was reserved for the Sunnis and the leadership of Parliament reserved for the Shiites. According to (Rovine, 2010), in order to integrate the population in this country into a country where nineteen different religious denominations coexisted, several personal statute laws were created, regulating individuals lives in each religious group(Sheehan Latif, 2008).Many people and working class intellectuals felt inadequately represented in such a compartmentalized and stratified country, dominated by religious elites. Hence, there is a healthy coexistence of people which is good because this enables a business to operate without fear of skirmishes as a result of sectarian views (Kauffmann Wegner, 2007). The biggest problem of not having a secular and universal civil code is that each religion has different principles. However, for companies that set up shop in Lebanon such asJet Spin it is an encouragement to know that there are strong laws that seek to protect the companies in terms of external interference which encourages foreign direct investment (Rovine, 2010). For the management of Jet spin there is no reason to worry because rule of law in Lebanon is upheld. Although Lebanon being a mostly a diverse country there is a lot of discrimination against women and these laws are also discriminatory towards companies run by women, this is generally insignificant. There is a lot of favoritism especially on men, however, this may not affect how arbitrations of cases involving businesses (Loughman Sibery, 2012). The perception of corruption remains in Lebanon Lebanon obtained 28 points in the Corruption Perceptions Index published by the Organization for International Transparency. Its score has not changed since 2015, so its citizens maintain a stable perception of corruption in Lebanon. Despite this, Lebanon worsens its position with respect to the rest of the countries until the 136 position, of the 176, then the perception of corruption of its inhabitants is very high (Mzid, 2004). The perception of corruption in the last five years in Lebanon has improved, although it has suffered a decline in its position in the international ranking of corruption. The Transparency international index ranks countries from 0 100 which is a representation of high to low levels of corruption in the public sector. In the table and the chart at the bottom we show the evolution of Lebanon's position in the Corruption Perceptions Index. You can see a list with the classification of all the countries by clicking on Corruption Perceptions Index and see all the economic information of Lebanon in Economy of Lebanon Beirut international airport Beirut international airport is one of the main airports in this country. The total passengers passing through this airport in 2015 was more than 7,203,781. This can be a big market boost for Jetspinn in its bid to put up a fitness center at this airport. Challenges in Beirut airport Extensions will not be enough to address the many challenges facing airports. They must also meet the growing demand for sustainable buildings and environmental protection, to give an example. In addition, to reduce noise pollution, many airports located in densely populated areas must modify landing and take-off routes or reduce morning air traffic. With so much security requirement and control, air travel causes stress to the passenger, so the rest of your airport experience should be as relaxed and entertaining as possible. This gives the opportunity to increase revenue, as passengers are more likely to buy if they are happy and have some free time. Efficient passenger transport systems are a way of alleviating the hassles of traveling long distances within large airport terminals, since in many cases travelers must cover more than two kilometers between entry doors, Security and the boarding gate. Another key element for the efficiency of an airport is how to manage the distanc es between the car parks and the terminals, which are also usually long. Governments must also take into account whether their road and public transport networks are capable of accommodating the growing number of passengers arriving at and departing from their airports. Despite the abundant challenges, when airport growth improves the attractiveness of a region for tourism and business, the benefits can be substantial The perception that the passengers have on the airport is that it is just like any other airport in the world. Beirut international airport has typical airport passenger facilities. These include cafes, duty free shops, banks and three lounges for premium passengers. If Jetspinn wants to conduct business transactions such as borrowing money, entering into contracts, leasing equipment, selling goods etc. there is a company law Act that provides guidelines and regulations as to how to carry out these transactions. There are both foreign and domestic workers working in the airport. The main labour is that of domestic workers whereas foreign labour come in form of expatriates. The gym and the spa employ Lebanese trainers while the management of the company is exclusively left to foreign workers of the European union countries. Hiring employees or developing a skilled and competent business team entails a whole new area of compliance, the employment and labor law. These laws cover all aspects. Jet spin is setting up business in Lebanon which will be in form of a branch. In Lebanon, a country of four and a half million, the number of foreign domestic workers is estimated at 250,000. Most of them come from Southeast Asia and Africa. In the Arab world as a whole, the number is estimated at 2.4 million, all under the yoke of the legal sponsorship system governing hiring, known as kafala. The main claim of workers is the suppression of this widespread system in the countries of the Middle East because, they say, it gives employers almost total power over their workers and favors abuse and ill-treatment. There are no strong labor laws in Lebanon and also there are no trade unions for workers. For Jet spin this may be a problem because it is a company that is under the guidelines of international labor laws thus i t will not be possible to exploit the workers. The most reported are forced labor, nonpayment or late payment of wages, forced closure in the workplace, denial of free time and confiscation of the passport, according to the testimonies of workers. However, the wages in this country are sustainable hence the company can easily pay and sustain its business. AGIP- (Abu-Ghazaleh Intellectual Property) AGIP is an organization that deals with intellectual property protection in Arabian countries. AGIP has worked closely with multilateral organizations and the Lebanese government on the introduction of an effective intellectual property protection system that has produced significant results in the region and more so in Lebanon. It is a body dedicated in safeguarding the countries intellectual property rights. The new system, has given large multinational companies the confidence to expand in Lebanon and plan large investments, as they are guaranteed that their investments are properly protected. (Miller, 2004).AGIP has also supported government committees and officials responsible for reviewing and drafting new IPR regulations in a number of Arab countries, including Lebanon. International protection of Intellectual property protection This commitment to the protection of intellectual property has been strengthened by the continued support from Agip with international organizations, including the Global Intellectual Property Organization (GIPO) and World Trade Org. Governmental organizations such as the International Trade Association , International Protection of Intellectual Property Association (AIPPI), Federation of Intellectual Property and its Lawyers, and through financial support received from Arab Society for Intellectual Property (ASIP) and the Association of Executive Licenses - Arab Countries (LES-AC) Jetspinn can be assured of protection of intellectual property in Lebanon (Miller, 2004). Therefore it is easy to have Jetspin Intellectual property protected. AGIP has on numerous occasions sponsored and organized, in conjunction with WTO, WIPO and ASIP, training relevant to members of the judiciary in Lebanon and district attorneys (Miller, 2004). AGIP has published numerous groundbreaking works on inte llectual property in Lebanon; this includes compilation of an English translation of all Arab intellectual property laws and the publication of a major intellectual property dictionary. This will definitely enable Jetspin to have to improve on its business in Lebanon. Factors that may affect Jetspin in Lebanon Increasingly, businesses seek to expand their activity outside their borders and one of the most attractive markets is located in the Gulf region. In fact, the member countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) have aimed to facilitate the award of new contracts to foreign companies. But for commercial relations with the Arab world to be fruitful, it is important to know the culture, social norms and religion of different countries. As a rule, doing business in the Arab world is no different than doing it in other regions of the world and, as in any other context, it is very important to know local customs to avoid making mistakes. However, liberalism in business has been greatly accommodated in Lebanon than most of the arab countries meaning that most of the religious consideration are not necessarily followed to the latter. Other factors include the taxes in Lebanon, the business environment, competition and business ethics. In the Arab world, trust and respect among business partners are fundamental, so it is always advisable to establish these relationships with the counterpart and watch over them. In business, an Arab entrepreneur will avoid arguing and will speak skillfully between the lines. In addition, laws, ethics and commercial systems may vary from country to country, but there are common cultural elements, such as the importance of family ties, the tendency to avoid confrontation or direct discussions, hospitality or Ability to communicate "between lines", which is important for a businessman in lebanon to know. The religious factor has a marginal impact on trade relations, although it is advisable for anyone who wants to establish business with middle east countries to become familiar with Islam, its history, beliefs and manifestations. The religious factor has a marginal impact on the comme rcial relationship, but one should familiarize oneself with Islam. The interaction between the sexes is marked by cultural traditions, men and women - traveling to the Arab world pay attention to the ways of the local people. For example, in this and other regions of the world, kissing someone of the opposite sex as a form of greeting is not common practice. Although there are more and more Spanish companies establishing business relations with the Gulf countries, it is true that, in many cases, the stereotypes that exist towards the "Arab" - and even more towards the "Muslim" - stop the business possibilities with These countries when, on the contrary, the cultural ties that unite lebanon with the Arab world should be used to boost economic relations. Settlement of Disputes through Mediation and Arbitration Systems in Lebanon are robust to the extent that they are the means to achieve enforcement. One of the ways in which arbitration addresses the issue of compliance and dispute resolution is through its Mediation and Arbitration Center, which has been providing specialized and efficient alternative dispute resolution (ADR) procedures in Lebanon. For Jetspin arbitration is key to how the business performs in that market. The arbitration and mediation done to prevent and resolve disputes has not been realized fully, as most intellectual property rights holders in the field continue to resort to the traditional Courts. However, the outlook is beginning to change due to several related events that have occurred over the last several years. First, the economic significance of intellectual property has increased to the point where intellectual property rights are, for many companies, their fundamental asset, and disputes related to property rights may negatively affect or even paralyze their activity. At the same time, property assets are traded and exploited across borders, and disputes over these assets are likely to compete with several jurisdictions. In addition, property rights holders have increasingly complex contractual relationships, involving parties cooperating in different ways in research and development, production or marketing. The tendency to alternative dispute resolution has been supported by the good results of dispute resolution procedures on domain names, such as the Uniform Domain Dispute Resolution Policy, which offers intellectual property owners an effective remedy against bad faith registration and the use of domain names related to their property. In addition, there are an increasing number of procedural rules that call for, and even require, alternative solutions to disputes. The advantages of alternative dispute resolution are increasingly being recognized, they including the following: Single procedure. Litigation in the courts in the case of international intellectual property disputes may involve many procedures in different jurisdictions, with the risk of inconsistencies (Intellectual Property Protection Restoration Act of 2003, 2003). Through the alternative solution, the parties may agree to settle by a single procedure a dispute concerning protected intellectual property in different countries, bypassing the costs and complexity of multi-jurisdictional litigation. Autonomy of the parts. Because of its private nature, alternative dispute resolution allows parties to exercise greater control over how their dispute is resolved. Unlike litigation before the courts, the parties may choose the rules of procedure, the applicable law, the place and language in which proceedings will be carried out. Neutrality. The alternative solution may be neutral in relation to language, institutional culture and the law applicable to the parties, thus avoiding having to settle the dispute in the courts of one of the parties, where being familiar with the applicable law and local procedures can offer considerable strategic advantages. Specialization. The parties may choose arbitrators or mediators who have specialized knowledge in the relevant technical, legal or commercial area to resolve the dispute. Confidentiality. Alternative dispute resolution procedures are private. Accordingly, the parties may agree that the procedures and results derived therefrom are confidential. This is particularly important when reputations and trade secrets are at stake, as is often the case in intellectual property disputes. It also allows you to focus on the substance of the dispute without worrying about public repercussions. Irrevocability and enforceability of awards. Unlike court decisions that can usually be challenged in one or more instances, arbitration awards do not allow appeal. The Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, 1958, known as the New York Convention, which requires the 137 member states to recognize arbitration awards without reviewing the merits of the case, The General Council of Economists publishes a study on the Economic Implications of the functioning of Justice in Lebanon. Although the degree of satisfaction of Lebanon with respect to the functioning of the Administration of Justice is mostly low, the data show that Lebanon is at a level similar to the average of the countries of the middle east in some of the fundamental indicators that Are used to measure the efficiency of the functioning of Justice (Fletcher Sheppard, 2005). The legal structure is essential to encourage entrepreneurship and business creation. As an inspiring cause of economic confidence and investment localization, the Administration of Justice is of great importance. If we compare Lebanon with the rest of the developed countries in each of the fundamental indicators that are used to measure the efficiency of the functioning of Justice, we can see that Lebanon is in a middle position, taking 264 days to solve, especially as To the duration of civil and commercial proceedings, the developed countries average being 246 days (Davis, 2002).However, possible convergence with other countries should be explored in areas such as the litigation rate, public expenditure per capita allocated to the courts, financial resources, regulatory framework and number of judges (Germann Grant, 2000).Although still in the lower half of the Arab world classification, the number of pending cases has been reduced in Lebanon by 25% between 2010 and 2015. There is an improvement in the use of technological means in Justice, but there is still a long way to go, especially in terms of making compatible the computer systems of the Ministry of Justice and those of some Autonomous Communities that have transferred competences.The courts of mercantile are in which there has been a greater accumulation of matters (DeMartino, 2000). And as far as tenders are concerned, there is a tendency to reduce creditors' tenders in the face of an increase in the treatment of insolvencies through out-of-court settlements. The General Council of Economists, on the basis of the above, has suggested proposals to improve the Lebanese judicial system, such as: The indispensable reorganization of the courts and tribunals under principles of efficiency (S?abri?, 2008).The Administration of Justice would have to improve the terms of resolution of the cases, especially in jurisdictions like mercantile (S?abri?, 2008).The complexity of the legislative framework should be reduced and legislative profusion and dispersion should be avoided. Setting up a specific action plan to reduce the litigation rate is key to improving business environment in the country (Born, 2009). Compulsory prior, require mediation in certain procedures. Provision of a budget means to make its implementation more efficient (Sayed, 2004).Improve judicial statistics to facilitate comparability and development of improved indicators. Carry out a study to identify the reasons why citizens do not appreciate in a positive way their judicial system to take measures to improve it (Benlamri Sparer, n.d.). Finally, the different political forces should integrate the Justice Pact, increasing the role of Justice in the general policies of the country and promoting transversality. For Jetspin the idea of setting up business in Lebanon is valid since it is a country that upholds rule of law and therefore justice is guaranteed (Tierney, 2007). References Born, G. (2009). International commercial arbitration (1st ed.). Austin [Tex]: Wolters Kluwer Law Business. Benlamri, R. Sparer, M. Leadership, innovation and entrepreneurship as driving forces of the global economy (1st ed.). Davidson, F. (2012). Arbitration. Edinburgh: W. Green/Thomson Reuters. Davis, P. (2002). Deterrence influence in counterterrorism. Santa Monica, Calif.: Rand DeMartino, G. (2000). Global economy, global justice (1st ed.). London: Routledge. De Palo, G. 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